Introduction: Semiconductor materials - Silicon is an important material in solar floodlight batteries. It is also said that silicon is the "first place" in semiconductor materials. This article will discuss whether silicon, an important material for solar cell batteries, is the "first place" in semiconductor materials.

Why is silicon occupying the "first place" for electronic semiconductor materials?

    Silicon is now the most important semiconductor material in the electronics industry, and its status is very important. Some people say that silicon occupies the "first place" in the electronics industry and solar photovoltaic industry. Why do you say this? Just look at the data below. It will be clear

    (1) Silicon has good chemical stability, no environmental pollution, and good semiconductor material properties. Therefore, silicon is the most widely used semiconductor material, especially in the solar photovoltaic industry. Polysilicon and monocrystalline silicon account for about 90% of solar photovoltaic materials. In addition to polysilicon and single crystal silicon, amorphous silicon is also a solar photovoltaic material.

    (2) Silicon is rich in resources. Silicon is one of the most abundant elements in the earth's crust, second only to oxygen, and its abundance in the earth's crust is around 26%.

    (3) Silicon materials have special physicochemical properties and good semiconductor properties. When silicon melts, its volume shrinks and its volume increases when it is solidified. This property is basically the same as water. The silicon material has high hardness, high brittleness and good semiconductor properties. Its intrinsic carrier concentration is 1.5×10 10 /cm 3 , intrinsic resistivity is 1.5×10 n·cm, and electron mobility is 1350 cm 2 /( V· s) Hole mobility is 480cm2/(V·s)

    (4) Silicon's forbidden bandwidth (1.1eV), low leakage current. With the invention of bipolar transistors in 1947, solid-state electronic devices began to appear. The semiconductor material used to fabricate diodes and triodes was germanium (Ge). However, due to the narrow band gap of the germanium (0.66V), there is a considerable leakage current in the reverse of the PN junction, which limits the device to operate only below 100 °C, in addition to the integrated circuit plane processing. It is necessary to be able to form a passivation layer on the surface of the semiconductor, which is a passivation layer, but it is difficult to form, and it is soluble in water and decomposes at 800 ° C. These limitations make the germanium a material for manufacturing integrated circuits. It is dwarfed by silicon.

Silicon has a wider bandgap (1.1eV) and low leakage current, so it can produce silicon devices with a maximum operating temperature of around 150 °C. In addition, silicon oxide SO2 is easy to generate and chemically stable.

    (5) Silicon is resistant to high temperature, radiation resistance and reliability. Therefore, it is particularly suitable for making high-power devices. Most of the current integrated circuit semiconductor devices are made of silicon materials.

    (6) Silicon is the easiest to manufacture semiconductor material in semiconductor materials. The silicon single product has the largest diameter. At present, the production of single crystal silicon rods with a diameter of 12 is a mature technology, and the production of 18 single-product silicon rods is no longer a problem, and the maximum diameter of the gallium germanium single crystal is only 6.18 in.

    (7) The integrity of the silicon crystal is the best. In terms of the ingot semiconductor material, the silicon single crystal has the best physical integrity, and now it is possible to produce a dislocation-free single product. So far, it has grown with other semiconductor materials. No dislocation single crystal has not been successful

    (8) In semiconductor materials, the production cost of silicon semiconductor materials is the lowest. Due to the unique properties of materials, it has become the foundation of the modern electronics industry and the information society. Its development is a milestone in the 20th century materials and electronics industry. Development and application directly promote the rapid development of global technology and industry in the 20th century. Human development is called entering the "silicon era", and some countries refer to their high-tech research and development base as "Silicon Valley".

     Silicon is well-deserved as the "first place" in solar cell materials for solar floodlights. Now silicon for solar cell photovoltaic cells has polysilicon and monocrystalline silicon and amorphous silicon.

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